There are different types of scaffolds for a variety of purposes. As nonpermanent structures, they can take specific configurations depending on what a project requires, i.e., a good foundation, the maximum load, hazards to avoid, how wide or narrow your space is, and many other factors.
Since a scaffold is always essential in most construction projects, you only need to decide on the type that best serves your project needs. Generally, scaffolds can be categorized into two basic types and subsequently classified into several subtypes each.
Two Basic Types of Scaffolds
Scaffolds are temporary platforms that are used by workers to access different heights. Usually, they use scaffolds to reach high walls and roofs, but they can use them for large excavations, as well. Thus, scaffolds can be either supported or suspended.
1. Supported Scaffolds
Supported scaffolds consist of firm, load-bearing parts (legs, poles, frames, brackets, outriggers) and their accessories to support one or more platforms. They are freestanding and need stable footing. If its foundation isn’t level, the whole assembly will be at risk.
The subtypes of supported scaffolds include:
- Frame or Fabricated. The most common subtype of supported scaffolds. These are modular frames that can be stacked from two levels to several stories. They are versatile for a variety of projects and make an economical option.
- Mobile Scaffold. Also known as manual or propelled, they are designed with wheels or casters to be able to move freely. They are commonly used in plastering, painting, and other finishing works where it is necessary to keep changing positions.
- Tube and Coupler. From the name itself, this subtype consists of coupling devices that connect tubing members. They can be built in multiple directions and are best used for heavier loads.
These types support significant loads in construction, from supporting workers to carrying building materials like masonry blocks. For example, a mobile scaffold can be assembled up to 12 meters, while most supported scaffolds follow a height-to-base ratio, as specified by the equipment manufacturer and Safe Work Australia.
2. Suspended Scaffolds
Suspended scaffolds use non-rigid overhead support, such as metal or fibre ropes to carry one or more platforms. Unlike supported scaffolds, these types are tied to a structure and are often adjustable. They are also called “swing-stage” or “suspended cradle” and are typically used for medium-height buildings to skyscrapers.
The subtypes of suspended scaffolds include:
- Two-point Scaffold: The most common subtype of a suspended scaffold is the two-point, where ropes hang the platform from stirrups. It is typically used by window washers but is widely used in high-rise construction as well.
- Single-point Adjustable: It consists of one rope tied to overhead support to hold one platform. It has similar use with two-point scaffolds.
- Multi-point Adjustable: If a single-point is supported by one rope, the multi-point uses more than two ropes to carry the platform.
- Multi-level: A multi-level is simply a multi-point or a two-point suspension with two or more platforms or levels.
- Catenary: A platform is supported by vertical and parallel cables attached to a part of the building.
This scaffolding type is best for high-rise applications that do not involve massive or heavy loads. Thus, some companies use them for building maintenance and window washing. So when you need a more lightweight system, suspended scaffolds are a more cost-effective choice.
Each type of scaffolding system has specific requirements when it comes to securely fastening them. If you’re unsure which ones are best suited for your project, you can always consult established scaffolding contractors that offer both equipment and services.